34 writtings and How to write a good subject

How to write a good subject 1 Think It Through You dont have to be an expert to write intelligently on any subject but you do need enough knowledge to convince your reader that you know what youre talking about Spend some time thinking and researching before you sit down to write Whats interesting unique important or exciting about the subject Why would someone want to read about it Shift your imagination into high gear 2 Write It Down When you have some ideas to work with start writing Let your imagination run wild Dont worry about proper sentence structure at this point -- just get your thoughts out in front of you and go with the flow Ideas are like potato chips if you have one youll probably have lots more 3 Fill It In Go back through what youve written and add more detail Fill in the blanks Connect the ideas Build the structure This is where you establish your style and tone Think about whos going to read your work and choose words that make sense to the people youre writing for Junior high students dont use the same vocabulary as research scientists 4 Let It Rest If the words arent fitting together quite right take a break Clear your mind and let go of any angst youre feeling about your writing When you start again it will be easier to see whats working and what needs more work 5 Check It Out When youve completed a rough draft read it through from beginning to end Do you have a catchy title and an engaging lead Does the body hold the readers interest Does it make sense Dont rely on a spell-check program to catch your errors Print out a copy and read it out loud Your ears can catch the mistakes your eyes missed 6 clean It Up Go back and fix any spelling punctuation or grammar errors you found Use a dictionary thesaurus and a style book to smooth the rough spots and polish your words until they shine Edit read and repeat as needed For More 9alamicom

7 Pass It Around Ask someone else to read what youve written You know your mother and your best friend will think its great so try to get feedback from somebody who doesnt already think youre perfect Be open to suggestions and willing to make changes but ultimately you must be certain they are your words and that they speak well for you 1 Pollution Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted Careless manufacturing methods employed by some industries and absence of consumer demand for environmentally safe products have been behind the pollution problem One result is that millions of tons of glass paper plastic and metal containers are produced and these are difficult to dispose of However today more and more consumers are choosing green and demanding that the products they buy are safe for the environment Before they buy a product they ask questions like these Will this product damage the ozone layer Is this package of any danger to the environment Or Can this metal container be used once A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the Environmental safety of a product before they buy it This means that companies must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are green that is friendly to the environment Only a few years ago it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets but now there are hundreds Some supermarket products have tickets on them to show that the product is green Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and insist on it in their advertising The concern of a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business The public will no longer accept the old attitude of Buy it Use it and then Throw it away 2 Air pollution air pollution can effect our health in many ways with a both short-term effects different groups of individuals are effected by air pollution in different ways some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others young children and elderly people after suffer mre from effects of air pollutionpoeple with health problems such asthma heart and lung disease may olso suffer more when the air is poolluted the extent to wich in individual is harmed by air pollution usualy depends on the total to the damaging chimicals ie the duration of exposure and the concentration of the chimicals must be taken into accountthis s the end of pragraph i wish to benefit it ok For More 9alamicom

3 Racism Racism or racialism is a form of race especially the belief that one race is superior to another Racism may be expressed individually and consciously through explicit thoughts feelings or acts or socially and unconsciously through institutions that promote inequality between races In the 19th century many legitimized racist beliefs and practices through scientific theories about biological differences among races Today most scientists have rejected the biological basis of race or the validity of quotracequot as a scientific concept Racism then becomes discrimination based on alleged race Racists themselves usually do believe that humans are divided into different races There are two main definitions of racism today One of them states that racism is dicrimination based on alleged race the other - newer - one states that racism has started to include also discrimination based on religion or culture 4 Racism Turkish children playing in a muddy courtyard faces of Vietnamese girls pressed against the windows of dirty barracks security guards with their guns standing near the fences This is an area in Cottbus an industrial town in Germany that the police are trying to protect It looks more like a prison than a refuge for immigrants who are more and more exposed to the violence of racist groups like the skinheads E arlier this month gangs of lawless German youths began attacking Vietnamese Turkish and African labourers so the authorities have rushed the victims to such places like Cottbus Indeed a wave of anti-immigrant violence is sweeping Germany Every day brings some new spectacle of terror Luckily the violence is limited to small uncontrolled groups Most Germans are outraged at those racist gangs and refer to them as criminals and delinquents looking for fun Thousands of Germans have marched in Berlin and other cities to protest against racism However foreign workers in Germany still fear for their lives and their families and do not feel totally secure Some are thinking of going back to their native countries 5 Are tourists good for a country This question can be looked from several points of view Firstly tourism should be considered in relation to a countrys economy Secondly it can be seen in terms of its effects on the countryside and environment Thirdly the influence of the tourist industry on culture must be taken into account The economy of a country often benefits as a result of tourism foreign visitors come and spend their money and this creates jobs for those who run hotels and restaurants However there are also certain drawbacks Whereas the people directly involved in the industry may benefit other may find that they are worse off This is because the cost of living goes up and goods become more expensive since tourists are prepared to pay more for them As far as the effect on the environment is concerned tourism is often a bad thing While it is true to say that development results in better roads being built and improvements for poorer areas it is sometimes very harmful In some countries huge hotels and skyscrapers have ruined areas of unspoilt beauty The cultural influence of tourism is difficult to measure In some countries foreign influence can destroy the local way of life On the other hand countries which do not encourage tourism may miss the benefits that foreign technology and investment can bring In conclusion it can be seen that tourism has both advantages For More 9alamicom

and disadvantages if it is controlled properly it can be good for a country but there will always be a danger that it may do a great deal of harm 6 Humain rights The concept of human rights has existed under several names in European thought for many centuries at least since the time of King John of England After the king violated a number of ancient laws and customs by which England had been governed his subjects forced him to sign the Magna Carta or Great Charter which enumerates a number of what later came to be thought of as human rights Among them were the right of the church to be free from governmental interference the rights of all free citizens to own and inherit property and be free from excessive taxes It established the right of widows who owned property to choose not to remarry and established principles of due process and equality before the law It also contained provisions forbidding bribery and official misconduct The political and religious traditions in other parts of the world also proclaimed what have come to be called human rights calling on rulers to rule justly and compassionately and delineating limits on their power over the lives property and activities of their citizens In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe several philosophers proposed the concept of quotnatural rightsquot rights belonging to a person by nature and because he was a human being not by virtue of his citizenship in a particular country or membership in a particular religious or ethnic group This concept was vigorously debated and rejected by some philosophers as baseless Others saw it as a formulation of the underlying principle on which all ideas of citizens rights and political and religious liberty were based In the late 1700s two revolutions occurred which drew heavily on this concept In 1776 most of the British colonies in North America proclaimed their independence from the British Empire in a document which still stirs feelings and debate the US Declaration of Independence 7 The Human Development The Human Development Index HDI is a comparative measure of life expectancy literacy developing or underdeveloped country and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life1 The index was developed in 1990 by Indian Nobel prize winner Amartya Sen Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and Lord Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics and has been used since then by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual Human Development Report Described by Amartya Sen as a quotvulgar measurequot because of its limitations it nonetheless focuses attention on aspects of development more sensible and useful than the per capita income measure it supplanted and is a For More 9alamicom

pathway for serious researchers into the wide variety of more detailed measures contained in the Human Development ReportsThe HDI measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development A long and healthy life as measured by life expectancy at birthKnowledge as measured by the adult literacy rate with two-thirds weight and the combined primary secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratio with one-third weightA decent standard of living as measured by the log of gross domestic product GDP per capita at purchasing power parity PPP in USDEach year UN member states are listed and ranked according to these measures Those high on the list often advertise it eg Jean Chrtien Former Prime Minister of Canada 1 as a means of attracting talented immigrants economically individual capital 8 Immigration Morocco recently saw a migration of the population of cities and villages me especially in the last 50 years that happened Leone Morocco for independence What are the reasons that drive housing villages to migrate to cities And what are the causes of migrations out of the negative impact -There is a range of reasons why the villagers to the cities Tahgerh me among them lack even the most basic means necessary hospitals and transportation means Finding work Mestekareaulthossein circumstances of living ect The result eased the congestion entire towns and neighborhoods Baladi shanties and Tahera begging and the use of young children Resulting from the whole circumcision eased some tragic scenes -Finally I wish to state that changed everything in their power to stop the advance of the pious and out of control the situation 9 Immigration to the USA Twenty seven million white immigrants entered the United States between 1880 and 1924 Two thirds of these so-called new immigrants came from different parts of Europe that were economically underdeveloped In the first decade of the 20 th century about six million immigrants arrived from Russia Austria Hungary and Italy They were drawn by the flourishing manufacturing sector of the economy They not only brought their labour force but also their skills that were vital to industries such as construction and textile Nevertheless their customs and culture struck native-born Americans who considered them as impossible to assimilate That phenomenon did not last forever With the end of the colonial empires in the fifties and sixties over eight million legal immigrants have entered the United Stated about half of them from the Third World For More 9alamicom

The new immigrants are likely to change the composition of the American population Some demographers predict that by 2030 American and Europeans roots will not be a majority Even the dominance of the English language is seen as uncertain The problem is whether the diversity of origins will continue to maintain American Society as united as it has been so far 10 Americans A mong the reasons why immigrants have traditionally come to the USA is to have a better life that is to raise their standard of living It was properly the most important reason for leaving their homeland Because of its abundant natural resources the United States appeared to be a land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes Of course most immigrants didnt get overnight and many of them suffered terribly but the majority of them were eventually able to improve their former standard of living Americans pay a price however for their material wealth hard work Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history Because of this they have come to see material possessions as the natural reward for their hard work In some ways material possessions are seen not only as a clear evidence of peoples work but also of their abilities Most Americans believe that if people work hard they are likely to have a good standard of living S ince peoples status in society is frequently measured by how much they own Americans often feel pressured to buy more than they need They want to appear as prosperous as everyone else round them and this means making a continuing effort to buy newer and better material I n reality some people have a better chance for success than others Those who are born into rich families have more opportunities than those who are born in poorer families Inheriting money gives a person a real advantage In spite of laws designed to promote equality of opportunity for all races many black Americans have fewer opportunities than the average white Americans 11 Globalization Globalization refers to increasing global connectivity integration and interdependence in the economic social technological cultural political and ecological spheres Globalization is an umbrella term and is perhaps best understood as a unitary process inclusive of many sub-processes such as enhanced economic interdependence increased cultural influence rapid advances of information technology and novel governance and geopolitical challenges that are increasingly binding people and the biosphere more tightly into one global system There are several definitions and all usually mention the increasing connectivity of economies and ways of life across the world The Encyclopedia Britannica says that globalization is the quotprocess by which the experience of everyday life is becoming standardized around the worldquot While some scholars and observers of globalization stress convergence of patterns of production and consumption and a resulting homogenization of culture others stress that globalization has the potential to take many diverse forms For More 9alamicom

12 War WAR is one of the wost crime that pople have ever made to the humanity thats why we should know why some ediot poeple cant stand leaving in peace because the best thing that can draw the smile on every ones face is the peace but in reality we have a deferent image to the world we see that no one want to respect the right of other or wants to enslave poeple or take there weals and they make some silly reasons to get what they want exactly like what happend to our brothers in iraq war also creat a very bad destarction and ruin in everywhere and from the main point we can say that poepl in stean of burning world they have to to learn how to leave in peace and creat the happiness instead of hate and killing 13 Business In economics business is the social science of managing people to organize and maintain collective productivity toward accomplishing particular creative and productive goals usually to generate profit The etymology of quotbusinessquot refers to the state of being busy in the context of the individual as well as the community or society In other words to be busy is to be doing commercially viable and profitable work The term quotbusinessquot has at least three usages depending on the scope the general usage above the singular usage to refer to a particular company or corporation and the generalized usage to refer to a particular market sector such as quotthe record businessquot quotthe computer businessquot or quotthe business communityquot -- the community of suppliers of goods and services The singular quotbusinessquot can be a legally-recognized entity within an economically free society wherein individuals organize based on expertise and skills to bring about social and technological advancement In predominantly capitalist economies businesses are typically formed to earn profit and grow the personal wealth of their owners The owners and operators of a business have as one of their main objectives the receipt or generation of a financial return in exchange for their work that is the expense of time and energy and for their acceptance of risk investing work and money without certainty of success Notable exceptions to this rule include some businesses which are cooperatives or government institutions However the exact definition of business is disputable as is business philosophy for example some Marxists use quotmeans of productionquot as a rough synonym for quotbusinessquot however a more accurate definition of quotmeans of productionquot would be the resources and apparatus by which products and services are created For More 9alamicom

Control of these resources and apparatus results in control of business activity and so while they are very closely related they are not the same thing Socialists advocate either government public or worker ownership of most sizable businesses Some advocate a mixed economy of private and state-owned enterprises Others advocate a capitalist economy where all or nearly all enterprises are privately owned Business Studies is taught as a subject in many schools 14 Natural disaster A is the consequence of when a potential natural hazard becomes a physical event eg volcanic eruption earthquake landslide and this interacts with human activities Human vulnerability caused by the lack of planning lack of appropriate emergency management or the event being unexpected leads to financial structural and human losses The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster their resilience1 This understanding is concentrated in the formulation quotdisasters occur when hazards meet vulnerabilityquot2 A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability eg strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas The term natural has consequently been disputed because the events simply are not hazards or disasters without human involvement 15 Advertinsing One the hand advertising makes consumers aware of the new products on the market and helps them spend their money wisely it also as creates many jobs On the other hand advertising makes people feel frustrated if they cant afford the products it also increases the prise of goods whats more it urges consumers to buy unnecessary commodities 16 A drought A drought is a prolonged abnormally dry period when there is not enough water for users normal needs Drought is not simply low rainfall if it was much of inland Australia would be in almost perpetual drought Because people use water in so many different ways there is no universal definition of drought Meteorologists monitor the extent and severity of drought in terms of rainfall deficiencies Agriculturalists rate the impact on primary industries hydrologists compare ground water levels and sociologists define it on social expectations and perceptions 17 Families Its not necessarily a fact that small families are the best but the fact that raising just one child is extremely expensive There is the hospital bill one must have good medicaldental very expensive for those toothaches possible braces fevers scrapes childhood diseases not to mention the many shots children get during their younger years There is clothing food a good home to live in education and other hidden costs Your child is better adjusted if they a boy are put into a sport at the age of 5 or 6 or if its a girl into dancing etc to keeping them off the streets and also give them For More 9alamicom

insight as to what the future can hold for them It costs many thousands of dollars to raise one child and I use to know the stats on it but it has since changed If a family can afford more than 2 children good to have sibling then they should go for it I have known families during the 50s to 70s where there were 5 - 8 kids in a family and they were all well adjusted kids not to mention the oldest child always ends up helping mom and pop out Large families can be fun but if you cant afford it this can cause a great deal of pressure on the parents and either shorten their life span or end in divorce To have a large family you have to be well organized 18 Right of women Nowadays we take it for granted that women have the same rights as men before the first world war few people believed this As far as work was concerned there were jobs wich were regarded as womens jobs and other wiche were regarded as mens jobs Womens jobs were generally lower paid as mens Men did almost all the heavy jobs in industry or in transport Women had jobs like dress-making cleanning or worked as servants Womens main role was as being to raise children and look for their home Women were not expected to take position of leaderschip Women were not even allowed to vote in elections Before the war some women had been struggling to achieve greater equality with men The most famous of these had been the suffragettes who stagged a violent campaign against the govervment from 1905 to 1914 trying to achieve the right to votehowever at the outbreak of war the were still no near to success Many men argued that women were unsuited to such responsibility that women could not be trusted to vote sensibly that women should not concern themselves with such male activities and voting During the war many things changed 19 Women Millions of women throughout the world live in conditions of abject deprivation of and attacks against their fundamental human rights for no other reason than that they are women Combatants and their sympathizers in conflicts such as those in Sierra Leone Kosovo the Democratic Republic of Congo Afghanistan and Rwanda have raped women as a weapon of war with near complete impunity Men in Pakistan South Africa Peru Russia and Uzbekistan beat women in the home at astounding rates while these governments alternatively refuse to intervene to protect women and punish their batterers or do so haphazardly and in ways that make women feel culpable for the violence As a direct result of inequalities found in their countries of origin women from Ukraine Moldova Nigeria the Dominican Republic Burma and Thailand are bought and sold trafficked to work in forced prostitution with insufficient government attention to protect For More 9alamicom

their rights and punish the traffickers In Guatemala South Africa and Mexico womens ability to enter and remain in the work force is obstructed by private employers who use womens reproductive status to exclude them from work and by discriminatory employment laws or discriminatory enforcement of the law In the US students discriminate against and attack girls in school who are lesbian bi-sexual or transgendered or do not conform to male standards of female behavior Women in Morocco Jordan Kuwait and Saudi Arabia face government-sponsored discrimination that renders them unequal before the law - including discriminatory family codes that take away womens legal authority and place it in the hands of male family members - and restricts womens participation in public life 20 Women working There have been a lot of chages in our social life in the last decades many more women working of course has the lifestyle of many families Many people are worried whether a carrer women can properly care for the children the advantage of women working women and men are equal and should also have the right have a job women should hlep in the devlopment of theircountry carrer mot her are usually educated and so can help their family the disadvantage of carrer women women find ut difficult to take very good care of children while working out side they usually nturn home tired often a day s work outside the also have to deal with the house work the are left with litter time to care for their childern thes affect a lot the whole family and may cause problems for children at schol e bc finally i say that at taking good care children of women mothers alonne manfather should also share this responsibility with their wives life is getting very expensive and women to help their family Working children Child labour is one of the problems that many countries face there are various causes that drive children to work some of them drop out of school in order to help their poor or sick parents others have to work because they are orphans In addiction some parents are ignorant they think education is a waste of time Working children face a tough life in factories and mines they work in bad conditions no fresh air long hours they may be injured by machines they are also deprived of education and childhood For More 9alamicom

21 Old at tewenty T he story of women in sports is like the story of women in many other activities First they were ignored and then gradually became accepted Now they are just taken for granted as part of any sporting events T ake gymnastics for instance When women first took part in the Olympic Games in 1928 they were not allowed to do gymnastics Womens gymnastics was then thought indecent T he first woman to attract attention to this sport was a Russian girl called Olga Korbut In the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich she amazed everybody and won a gold medal The next girl who surprised the whole sporting world was the Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci In the 1976 Olympic Games she won the overall title She was then 14 Girls popularity in this sport was here to stay H owever if these girls get glory at such an early they pay for it They work hard Whats more they give their lives quite often from the age of seven to the sport They are considered old at the age of twenty P erhaps you are wondering what they do when they retire For some fame continues Olga Korbut for instance became a film star and married a Rock musician Others fall back into obscurity and have to adapt to a new way of life W hen asked in an interview whether she regretted her career Nelli Kim an old gymnast answered No For the rest of your life you always remember the wonderful sensation of flying through the air after a good routine on the bars It really is a moment of perfection 22 Smoking When your parents were young people could buy cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere - even in hospitals Ads for cigarettes were all over the place Today were more aware about how bad smoking is for our health Smoking is restricted or banned in almost all public places and cigarette companies are no longer allowed to advertise on buses or trains billboards TV and in many magazines Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer emphysema and heart disease that it can shorten your life by 14 years or more and that the habit can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year So how come people are still lighting up 23 Education Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills and also something less tangible but more profound the imparting of knowledge good judgement and wisdom Education has as one of its fundamental goals the imparting of culture from generation to generation see socialization Education means to draw out facilitating realisation of self-potential and latent talents of an individual It is an application of pedagogy a body of theoretical and applied research relating to For More 9alamicom

teaching and learning and draws on many disciplines such as psychology philosophy computer science linguistics neuroscience sociology and anthropology The education of an individual human begins at birth and continues throughout life Some believe that education begins even before birth as evidenced by some parents playing music or reading to the baby in the womb in the hope it will influence the childs development For some the struggles and triumphs of daily life provide far more instruction than does formal schooling thus Albert Einsteins admonition to quotnever let school interfere with your educationquot Family members may have a profound educational effect often more profound than they realize though family teaching may function very informally our food In conclusion these problems are growing daily because people dont want to change their lifestyle People need to be educated so they will stop damaging our planet Furthermoregovernments should take actions to prevent individuals and companies from harming their environment 24 Languages A language is a system used to facilitate communication among higher animals andor computers This article is about the fundamental features typically found in nearly all natural human languages For information about artificial languages specifically for computers please see instead machine code Higher animals believed to employ audible language only without symbols include but are not limited to dolphins and whales For information about this subject please see quotAnimal communicationquot instead 25 English World science is dominated today by a small number of languages but English which is probably is the most popular global language of science and of modern technology that because many reason first it is international language and the majority of country used it as their home language In addition to that you can understand what happen in the world in the other hand you can understand the new technology moreover we see that the people that speak more than two language have a chance to get a better job than the other people who can speak just one And also it is very important to student who want finish their Hight study in university Finally English will become more important in the future and more using in all things 26 Minorities A minority or subordinate group is a sociological group that does not constitute a politically dominant plurality of the total population of a given society A sociological minority is not necessarily a numerical minority it may include any group that is disadvantaged with respect to a dominant group in terms of social status education employment wealth and political power To avoid For More 9alamicom

confusion some writers prefer the terms quotsubordinate groupquot and quotdominant groupquot rather than quotminorityquot and quotmajorityquot In socioeconomics the term quotminorityquot typically refers to a socially subordinate ethnic group understood in terms of language nationality religion andor culture Other minority groups include people with disabilities quoteconomic minoritiesquot working poor or unemployed quotage minoritiesquot who are younger or older than a typical working age and sexual minorities whose sexual orientation or gender identity differs from the sociological norm The term quotminority groupquot often occurs alongside a discourse of civil rights and collective rights which gained prominence in the 20th century Members of minority groups are subject to differential treatment in the society in which they live This discrimination may be directly based on an individuals perceived membership of a minority group without consideration of that individuals personal achievement It may also occur indirectly due to social structures that are not equally accessible to all Activists campaigning on a range of issues may use the language of minority rights including student rights consumer rights and animal rights In recent years some members of social groups traditionally perceived as dominant have attempted to present themselves as an oppressed minority such as white middle-class heterosexual males Studies have consistently shown a correlation between negative attitudes or prejudice toward minorities and social conservatism as well as the converse positive attitutes and social progressivism2 Minority groups in history include Jews under Nazi Germany and African Americans in the Jim Crow period 27 Television Nowdays TV viewers have a wide choice of channels More and more people have got satellite TV not all of them are satisfied with it satellite TV has both advantages and drawbaks whats is de advantages and drawbaks of TV -satellite TV brings the whole world into your home there a variety of programmes to choose fromit helps people improve foreigs languages and there are lots of entertaining educating programmes You may not feel bored -and the drawbaks of satellite TV People spend too mush time watching TV and they become passive and lazy there are too many channels and it is often dificulet to choose the right programme and the people watch foreign TV channels and not their national TV Thy dont know what is happening in their country they might forget about their own culture and problem For More 9alamicom

Children dont do their homework dont read enough -satellite TV like any other technology is means to an end people should be selective and watch interesting programmes only 28 Television Television has became part of our every day life what are its advantages and disadvantages On the one hand TV has became the most influential means of the mass media because it has both sound and picture its also the most popular source of information education and international in brief TV brings the whole word to us One the other hand TV develops passive and lazy viewers it also prevents communication between the members of the family besides students dont their homwork and may became aggressive when they watch films of violence 29 Cinema For the first twenty years of motion picture history most silent films were short--only a few minutes in length At first a novelty and then increasingly an art form and literary form silent films reached greater complexity and length in the early 1910s The films on the list above represent the greatest achievements of the silent era which ended--after years of experimentation--in 1929 when a means of recording sound that would be synchronous with the recorded image was discovered Few silent films were made in the 1930s with the exception of Charlie Chaplin whose character of the Tramp perfected expressive physical moves in many short films in the 1910s and 1920s When the silent era ended Chaplin refused to go along with sound instead he maintained the melodramatic Tramp as his mainstay in City Lights 1931 and Modern Times 1936 The trademarks of Chaplins Tramp were his ill-fitting suit floppy over-sized shoes and a bowler hat and his ever-present cane A memorable image is Chaplins Tramp shuffling off penguin-like into the sunset and spinning his cane whimsically as he exits He represented the quotlittle guyquot the underdog someone who used wit and whimsy to defeat his adversaries Eisensteins contribution to the development of cinema rested primarily in his theory of editing or montage which focused on the collision of opposites in order to create a new entity One of the greatest achievements in editing is the Odessa Steps sequence in his film Potemkin 1925 Eisenstein intercut between shots of townspeople trapped on the steps by Czarist troops and shots of the troops firing down upon the crowd Members of the crowd became individual characters to viewers as the montage continued Within the editing track the fate of these individuals was played out A mother picks up her dead child and confronts the troops Then she is shot A student looks on in terror and then flees--his fate uncertain An old woman prays to be spared but she is killed by a For More 9alamicom

soldier who slashes her face with his saber When a woman holding her baby carriage is killed she falls to the steps and the carriage begins a precipitous decline--shots of the baby crying are intercut with wide shots of the carriage rolling down the steps To Eisenstein each individual shot contributed an energy within the editing track that yielded far more than the sum total of shots In other words the quotcombinationquot of shots through editing created a new entity based on the expressive emotional energy unleashed through the editing process 30 Terrorism Terrorism is a term used to describe violence or other harmful acts Terrorism expert Walter Laqueur in 1999 has counted over 100 definitions and concludes that the quotonly general characteristic generally agreed upon is that terrorism involves violence and the threat of violencequot Most definitions of terrorism include only those acts which are intended to create fear or quotterrorquot are As a form of unconventional warfare terrorism is sometimes used when attempting to force political change by convincing a government or population to agree to demands to avoid future harm or fear of harm destabilization of an existing government motivating a disgruntled population to join an uprising escalating a conflict in the hopes of disrupting the status quo expressing a grievance or drawing attention to a cause The terms quotterrorismquot and quotterroristquot someone who engages in terrorism carry a strong negative connotation These terms are often used as political labels to condemn violence or threat of violence by certain actors as immoral indiscriminate or unjustified Those labeled quotterroristsquot rarely identify themselves as such and typically use other generic terms or terms specific to their situation such as separatist freedom fighter liberator revolutionary vigilante militant paramilitary guerrilla rebel jihadi or mujaheddin or fedayeen or any similar-meaning word in other languages Terrorism has been used by a broad array of political organizations in furthering their objectives both right-wing and left-wing political parties nationalistic and religious groups revolutionaries and ruling governments1 The presence of non-state actors in widespread armed conflict has created controversy regarding the application of the laws of war An International Roundtable on Constructing Peace Deconstructing Terror 2004 hosted by Strategic Foresight Group recommended that a distinction should be made between terrorism and acts of terror While acts of terror are criminal acts as per the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 and domestic jurisprudence of almost all countries in the world terrorism refers to a phenomenon including acts perpetrators of acts of terror and motives of the perpetrators There is a disagreement on definition of terrorism However there is an intellectual consensus globally that acts of terror should not be accepted under any circumstances This is reflected in all important conventions including the United Nations counter terrorism strategy outcome of the Madrid Conference on terrorism and outcome of the Strategic Foresight Group and ALDE roundtables at the European Parliament For More 9alamicom

31 Leisure time Recreation is very important for one health whoever we are we need leisure activities because they enable us our minds and bodies If we go on working without a break well get bord and exchasted Therfore we should spend our free time on the things we like doing much as listing to music and pratising sport in this way well have energy to rasume our studies and warking OK sany I present you this object of the how can air pollution hurt my health Air pollution can effect our health in many ways with a both short-term effects different groups of individuals are effected by air pollution in different ways some individualsare much more sensitive to pollutants than are others young children and elderly people after suffer mre from effects of air pollutionpoeple with health problems such asthma heart and lung disease may olso suffer more when the air is poolluted the extent to wich in individual is harmed by air pollution usualy depends on the total to the damaging chimicals ie the duration of exposure and the concentration of the chimicals must be taken into accountthis s the end of pragraph i wish to benefit it ok 32 Rap in Morocco Known Arab societies great social transformations of the way to dress language and music minor the latter known for a profound transformation in the structure here in Morocco Years ago there was Umm Kulthum and sisters in the Middle and quotBeatlesquot and the other in the west And no one heard something called quotRabbiquot And now each city task by the way has turned into a quotcomfort dancequot and quotHip Hopquot quotAllah Kaenquot months a bridge in Morocco started from Meknes and then to the rest of the cities If followed a march this group since incorporation we find that it began - eg other teams - singing vocabulary quotAlbdaehquot and the market talk but after that started and appeared on the television market and publicity turned to singing quotsharply lessquot Loser quotHis tongue Alsulait also describes himself no one is safe from thequot Staemah quot by the government to the parliament to Islamists to others is not known People say that they want to live and have a family of quotRabbiquot and that he is not afraid and does not acquit anyone and songs that can not hear in the quotHousequot oversupplied Albdaeh vary between talk the curriculum vitae and love for his country and an affront to its enemies and of course the ever-present talk begin It is noted that the last Owl quotwest of deathquot or quotMoroccans to death became a trademark task in Morocco quotLosersquot to defend himself after facing charges of using words begin quotthat convey the pulse of the street and that something will come from Himquot Considers itself the representative of the song of youth and finds that the future of quotbridgequot A few months ago Moroccan officials quotRabbi is the future of Moroccan songquot saying this was a storm of opposition from those who are still Etarbon songs quotlanguagesquot and regarded Rabbi outsider Ttaghavina and quotincompatible with moralityquot Rabbi entered politics from the door wide months before hosting Youth Socialist Union Party in Morocco Magti Rabbi Tawfiq Hazb known quotBalkhasrquot so Yahya evening attended by senior officials of the party with songs that contain insults and dictionary quotunder the beltquot Opponents of the party said that the Socialist Union quotexploited rap to attract young people after its failed to do soquot Professor Abdul Ghani Mendip For More 9alamicom

professor of sociology at the University of Mohammad Alhams is that of Rabbi quotcomes within the framework of social transformation which Arafa Moroccoquot Hence we must Ntani in sentencing and study the issue in a scientific and rational use away from the emotions And among the finds that the phenomenon of Rabbi alien Ttaghavina and therefore must be cured zeolite and the shift from the view that natural community And among the finds that the Rabbi is the future and the song of Moroccan considers summer cloud will pass soon Among all those views we have the right to ask Does the fact created alternatives for youth to Governance 33 Internet The Internet is a worldwide publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol IP It is a quotnetwork of networksquot that consists of millions of smaller domestic academic business and government networks which together carry various information and services such as electronic mail online chat file transfer and the interlinked web pages and other documents of the world wide web The USSRs launch of Sputnik spurred the United States to create the Advanced Research Projects Agency known as ARPA in February 1958 to regain a technological lead12 ARPA created the Information Processing Technology Office IPTO to further the research of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment SAGE program which had networked country-wide radar systems together for the first time J C R Licklider was selected to head the IPTO and saw universal networking as a potential unifying human revolution Licklider had moved from the Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory at Harvard University to MIT in 1950 after becoming interested in information technology At MIT he served on a committee that established Lincoln Laboratory and worked on the SAGE project In 1957 he became a Vice President at BBN where he bought the first production PDP-1 computer and conducted the first public demonstration of time-sharing At the IPTO Licklider recruited Lawrence Roberts to head a project to implement a network and Roberts based the technology on the work of Paul Baran who had written an exhaustive study for the US Air Force that recommended packet switching as opposed to circuit switching to make a network highly robust and survivable After much work the first node went live at UCLA on October 29 1969 on what would be called the ARPANET one of the quotevequot networks of todays Internet Following on from this the British Post Office Western Union International and Tymnet collaborated to create the first international packet switched network referred to as the International Packet Switched Service IPSS in 1978 This network grew from Europe and the US to cover Canada Hong Kong and Australia by 1981 The first TCPIP-wide area network was operational by January 1 1983 when the United States National Science Foundation NSF constructed a university network backbone that would later become the NSFNet For More 9alamicom

It was then followed by the opening of the network to commercial interests in 1985 Important separate networks that offered gateways into then later merged with the NSFNet include Usenet BITNET and the various commercial and educational networks such as X25 Compuserve and JANET Telenet later called Sprintnet was a large privately-funded national computer network with free dial-up access in cities throughout the US that had been in operation since the 1970s This network eventually merged with the others in the 1990s as the TCPIP protocol became increasingly popular The ability of TCPIP to work over these pre-existing communication networks especially the international X25 IPSS network allowed for a great ease of growth Use of the term quotInternetquot to describe a single global TCPIP network originated around this time 34 A revolution A revolution from Late Latin revolutio which means quota turn aroundquot is a significant change that usually occurs in a relatively short period of time Variously defined revolutions have been happening throughout human history They vary in terms of numbers of their participants revolutionaries means employed by them duration motivating ideology and many other aspects They may result in a socio-political change in the socio-political institutions or a major change in a culture or economy Scholarly debates about what is and what is not a revolution center around several issues Early study of revolutions primarily analyzed events in European history from psychological perspectivecitation needed soon however new theories were offered using explanations for more global events and using works from other social sciences such as sociology and political sciences Several generations of scholarly thought have generated many competing theories on revolutions gradually increasing our understanding of this complex phenomenon For More 9alamicom